Fire department hose management is crucial for effective firefighting operations. Best practices encompass everything from selection and maintenance to deployment and post-incident care. Here’s a breakdown of key areas:
1. Hose Selection and Types:
- Attack Lines:
- These are used for direct firefighting. Selection depends on the anticipated fire load and building type. Common sizes include 1 1/2", 1 3/4", and 2 1/2".
- Supply Lines:
- These transport large volumes of water from hydrants or other sources to the attack engine. Large-diameter hose (LDH) is frequently used.
- Specialty Hoses:
- These include booster lines, forestry hoses, and high-pressure lines for specific applications.
- Proper selection:
- It is vital that firefighters are trained to select the correct hose, for the correct situation.
2. Hose Maintenance and Inspection:
- Regular Inspections:
- Hoses should be inspected regularly for damage, wear, and deterioration.
- This includes checking for cuts, abrasions, and coupling damage.
- Service Testing:
- Hoses must undergo periodic service testing to ensure they can withstand rated pressures.
- Adhere to NFPA standards for testing frequency and procedures.
- Cleaning and Drying:
- Clean hoses after each use to remove dirt, debris, and contaminants.
- Thoroughly dry hoses before storage to prevent mold and mildew.
- Proper Storage:
- Store hoses in a clean, dry, and well-ventilated location.
- Avoid storing hoses in direct sunlight or extreme temperatures.
- Proper hose rolling techniques are also very important.
- Record Keeping:
- Maintain detailed records of all inspections, testing, and maintenance.
3. Hose Deployment and Operations:
- Hose Loads:
- Use appropriate hose loads to facilitate efficient deployment.
- Consider the type of fire and the building layout when selecting a hose load.
- Hose Advancement:
- Train firefighters on proper hose advancement techniques, including advancing charged and uncharged lines.
- Emphasize teamwork and communication during hose advancement.
- Nozzle Operations:
- Provide training on the proper use of various nozzles and nozzle patterns.
- Ensure firefighters understand the principles of nozzle reaction and stream dynamics.
- Hose Handling:
- Proper hose handling techniques reduce firefighter fatigue, and increase operational efficiency.
4. Safety Considerations:
- Kink Prevention:
- Train firefighters on techniques to prevent hose kinks, which can restrict water flow.
- Coupling Safety:
- Ensure couplings are properly tightened to prevent leaks.
- Use spanner wrenches when necessary.
- Pressure Management:
- Monitor hose pressures to prevent over-pressurization.
- Situational Awareness:
- Maintaining situational awareness during hose operations is very important.
Key Considerations:
- NFPA Standards:
- Adhere to relevant NFPA standards for hose construction, testing, and use.
- Local Protocols:
- Follow local protocols and guidelines for hose operations.
- Continuous Training:
- Regularly conduct training drills to reinforce hose handling and operational skills.
By adhering to these best practices, fire departments can ensure that their hoses are always ready to provide a reliable and effective water supply.