When fire departments utilize generators, whether for on-scene operations or station backup power, safety and reliability are paramount. Here’s a summary of best practices:
1. Generator Selection and Sizing:
- Appropriate Power Capacity:
- Accurately assess the power requirements of all equipment that will be connected to the generator.
- Choose a generator with sufficient wattage to handle the total load, including surge capacity for starting motors.
- Fuel Type:
- Consider the availability and storage of different fuel types (gasoline, diesel, propane).
- Diesel generators are often preferred for their fuel efficiency and reliability.
- Portability vs. Stationary:
- Determine whether portable or stationary generators are needed based on the application.
- Stationary generators are typically used for backup power at fire stations.
2. Safe Operation and Placement:
- Carbon Monoxide Safety:
- Never operate generators indoors or in partially enclosed spaces.
- Place generators outdoors in well-ventilated areas, away from doors, windows, and vents.
- Install and maintain carbon monoxide detectors.
- Electrical Safety:
- Use heavy-duty, outdoor-rated extension cords.
- Avoid overloading circuits.
- Never “backfeed” power into a building’s electrical system. This is extremely dangerous.
- Have a qualified electrician install any transfer switches.
- Fuel Handling:
- Store fuel in approved containers, away from the generator and other ignition sources.
- Allow the generator to cool before refueling.
- Prevent fuel spills.
- Generator Placement:
- Place the generator on a level surface.
- Protect the generator from rain and moisture.
3. Maintenance and Testing:
- Regular Maintenance:
- Follow the manufacturer’s maintenance schedule.
- Check fluid levels, filters, and spark plugs.
- Inspect cords and connections for damage.
- Regular Testing:
- Periodically test generators to ensure they are functioning properly.
- Conduct load testing to verify power output.
- Record Keeping:
- Keep accurate records of maintenance and testing.
4. Training:
- Operator Training:
- Ensure that all personnel who operate generators are properly trained in safe operating procedures.
- Provide training on maintenance and troubleshooting.
- Awareness Training:
- All fire department personnel should be aware of the dangers of carbon monoxide poisoning.
Key Considerations:
- NFPA Standards:
- Adhere to relevant NFPA standards for generator installation and operation.
- Local Codes:
- Comply with local building and electrical codes.
By following these best practices, fire departments can ensure the safe and reliable operation of generators during emergency situations.